Children + Violence + Television = Bad Essay -- essays research pape

On September 11th, 2001, millions around the world crowded around televisions across the globe and watched the horrific scenes of terrorism that had struck New York City, Washington, D.C and Pennsylvania on that ill-fated and now infamous morning. Suddenly, in a crowded room everyone felt alone. As the Twin Towers vanished before our very eyes, so did our sense of security and protection. We watched with shock and horror, disbelief and grief as the images were repeatedly flashed before our eyes. There was no escape. Every television channel and every radio station constantly reminded us of the tragedy that we will never forget. Even today, over three years later, I can see the images and remember the desperate pleas for help of people searching for their loved ones in my mind – over and over. Every sympathetic person was captivated by the horror on the television. We felt like we were there. September 11th, 2001 was an unprecedented tragedy that undoubtedly proves that violenc e on television is a very powerful influence. In that crowded room, workplace, classroom, or living room we all felt alone. We could not have been more wrong. We were all probably feeling a lot of the same emotions. Children across the globe were seeing the same events unfold repeatedly too. For the next few days, the major broadcasting stations had twenty-four hour coverage of the â€Å"attack on America.† I remember turning off the television because I watched all I could bare. I laid in bed with my eyes closed, but all I could see were the images replay and all I could feel was the warmth of my tears on my pillow. If we as adults were so affected by the trauma of the events, then what about the children? With an undeveloped capacity to understand the world and the proximity of danger, how can anyone claim that children were not affected by the violence illustrated on television of this tragedy? In the weeks following the tragedy, the images of the attack on the Pentagon and World Trade Center were banned from the media. Government officials and scientific experts agreed that the trauma incited by these images were detrimental to children. President Bush expressed his concern for the welfare of our children who were exposed to violence in the media reports of the attack. It is evident that scientific experts, government officials, and The President of the United States all agree that vio... ... family fun. The worst thing I can remember ever hearing or seeing on that television show was Bart saying, â€Å"Eat my shorts.† That was near ten years ago. Things have certainly changed. That television show now covers a wide range of topics from puberty to pregnancy, from detentions to murder, from injury to death. Television shows on regular television need to rated and placed into appropriate time slots. How can people expect their children not to curse when that’s what they hear on television shows they watch with their parents? The line has to be drawn. Parenting is probably the most important job anyone can have. Unfortunately, it’s also the only job that does not come with training. If our government can regulate television shows to enhance the lives of every citizen by lessening the affects of violent television on children, then they should – and they can. The government just hasn’t done it. In my opinion, three words will always be synonymous with each other: politics, power, and money. If experts believed that this violence has no effects on children, why then would they regulate exposure to the images of violent destruction and terrorism that occurred on September 11th?

Multi-Level Organizational Research

Organization is central to human achievement. The most accomplished individuals tend to have supporting groups and structures, which have major roles in celebrated successes, though they may remain hidden from superficial views. Organizations date back to the dawn of civilization, with religious institutions and military forces being enduring examples. Organizations are inherently multi-level (Klein, & Kozlowski, 2003). Each level is connected with and dependent on the others. The individual, teams, and the organization as a whole, are the 3 significant parts of a typical structure. Organizations, though they exist in kaleidoscopic varieties of purposes, sizes, and natures, share common issues when they become subjects of systematic inquiry. Performance and effectiveness are the two most important motivations for organizational research, though the interactions between individuals and groups are matters of primary interests in fields of sociology and psychology. This document reflects on the inevitable implications of multiple levels in organizations, and suggests best practices with respect to studying such structures and the people who function within them. The focus is on how to incorporate multi-level realities in to organizational research, Stating the Obvious It is common knowledge that organizations are made of individuals, and that groups of people have to function as teams. However, the implications of the obvious on how organizations should be studied and measured are complex and certainly not as obvious. It may be tempting to resort to over-simplification and ignore multi-level aspects of organizations when designing research projects to study them. Interplay between individual perceptions and organizations are common to all types of organizations. Multi level variations have been found even in the prison structure (Camp, et al. 1997), where institutional operations and satisfaction with immediate supervision have equal influences on the social climate. The implication is that any research in to the functioning and performance of a large structure with branches at multiple levels has to incorporate distinct phases of research for individuals at the periphery, for teams that operate within the body of structures, and for the entire organization as an entity. Each of these levels will be in dynamic inter-play with the other two. A phenomenon at a lower level, for example,   may not connect with theory validation at a higher level (Crowston, 2002). There are many examples of technologies being integrated in to organizations at lower levels, without incontrovertible evidence of the benefits at higher levels. That is why conclusions from research at a single level may not yield entirely relevant conclusions. The best individual technical skills may come to naught if a person cannot deal with others; similarly, the best teams cannot function without adequate resources and support from above (Loo, 2003). No level of organization can be independent, take all the credit, or be assigned all of the blame. Investigative research, which aims to diagnose why an organization functions below par, or which seeks to make recommendations for improvement, has to validate its suggestions for feasibility and appropriateness at each of the multiple levels. Past organizational research has focused more on the individual level, and not enough on teams and the organization as a unit, or on the interactions between these levels (Schnake, and Dumler, 2003). However, this trend has begun to change and researchers of today can no longer the multiple level structures of organizations they may wish to study. Organization science needs to match the integration which marks literature on the existence of multiple levels (Klein, & Kozlowski, 2003). Mixed level research needs methods and measurements of their own (Schnake, and Dumler, 2003); the levels of data collection and analysis are often not the same.   Pluralistic ignorance, in which each individual has a special perception of the self versus that of others and of the organization, commonly plagues organizational research. That is why projects should not be based solely on the surveyed and perceived opinions of individual members about their peers, superior, subordinates, and groups. Bottom up models which draw inferences from lower levels for the higher will yield different conclusions if a top down approach is used (Klein, & Kozlowski, 2003). Research methods must account for how perspectives change with levels. It may be best to adopt an iterative approach, thinking not micro or macro, but both micro and macro (Klein, & Kozlowski, 2003). Research Objectives as Determinants Given that multiple levels are ubiquitous in organizations of all types and sizes, all research in this area should take the phenomenon in to account. Organizational research may vary by objectives, and this factor of difference can help in dealing with multiple levels. The People and Process elements of the Marketing Mix for Services (Payne, 2002) play important roles in determining strategies followed by organizations which do not have concrete or tangible product features in their offers. Research in to the internal workings of such organizations may focus on the lower levels of individual capabilities, and small team functioning, rather than concern itself with organization-level matters. Conversely, stock market analysts who are concerned with specific financial outcomes may prefer to dwell on effectiveness of organizations as a whole (Huber and Glick, 1993), rather than bother with details of issues at micro levels. Downsizing and new designs are some major concerns of contemporary organizational research. These phenomena create most strains on the individual (Huber, and Glick, 1993) and hence projects which seek to study the effects of integration and different hierarchies should focus on the lowest level of individual members of staff. The simplistic approach of focusing on just one level of organization will not work in all cases. Communication issues, matters related to diversity in the work force and matters concerning global organizations, all require work to be done at all levels (Huber, and Glick, 1993). Social climate studies also have to take all levels in to account, since institutional initiatives can have variations at its spatially separated sites, and individual variations as well with regard to job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Camp, et al. 1997). Some of the research problems of multiple levels in organizations arose in the past because of the paucity of prior work in similar areas. However, there has been a cascade of organizational research in recent times, with multiple level enquiries (Huber and Glick, 1993). This new body of work can be used as templates when fresh research projects in organizational behavior are undertaken. The Effects of Organizational Labeling Organizations tend to fit in to stereotypes which have been created in public minds over time. Professionally managed corporations, political parties, religious institutions, and bureaucracies, are a few examples of such set patterns of our collective minds. Simultaneously, organizations are more than just people who control or work in them. Suppliers, financiers, regulators, franchisees, and customers are some of the other categories of stake holders. All organizations do not have to be equally responsive to the environment (Huber and Glick, 1993). Monolithic, powerful, and strongly entrenched organizations may demand research of how to further their aims, but worry less about the proclivities of employees and suppliers of goods and services at the bottoms and fringes of their hierarchies. A highly evolved organization will be dynamic and open minded: it deserves and needs organizational research at multiple levels, with plenty of iteration, and the objective validation of hypotheses. Others will be directive and in a hurry for results: they may appreciate the values of enquiries at multiple levels less or not at all. Organizational research driven by purely scholastic intent is a rare privilege. The professional researcher will more often have a restrictive brief set by a paying client with a specific and selfish perspective. Organizational studies may mention all the levels in passing or for the sake of completeness, rather than address each of them in detail and in concert. The multiple levels within organizations should always be kept in mind when studying structures and group working. Even though studies may be sponsored by the most apical level of organization, valid findings and scientific rigor require that the study extends to teams and to individuals as well. Towards Best Practices Multiple levels are inevitable in organizational studies. How can the complexities of this reality be incorporated for better research project design, and to ensure findings on which sponsors can rely? It is best to start with the environment in which the organization operates (Huber, and Glick, 1993). Such a prior effort will put research fully in context. It is necessary to spend time to collect primary data on how the organization functions; and to focus on processes which link the various levels (Crowston, 2002). It is risky to plunge headlong in to researching an organization: every investment in understanding its needs and to profile it accurately, will pay off in terms of relevant findings on which action can be taken. Levels in organizations can be conceived in terms of internal customers. This is a standard concept in Services Marketing (Payne, 2002). A higher level in an organization, or a branch of the same level, is a customer of a team which supports it through its function. Thus, a Sales Manager is a customer of his or her sales people, and the entire sales function is a customer of the production or manufacturing department. Since dealing with all levels can make organizational research very complicated, a workable option is to use the internal customer concept to delineate levels of research. Another approach is to set up microcosms of the organization in external settings, to act as laboratories for experimentation. Groups of employees may be placed on extended sabbaticals, and asked to play roles equivalent to the levels of their parent organizations. This approach has the advantage of eliciting more objective input data from people inside the organization, but can be expensive and time consuming. Research projects which adopt this ‘laboratory’ approach require patience and sustained support, but yield better and more applicable findings at the same time. A relatively quick and simple compromise could be to adopt a problem-solving approach (Loo, 2003). The median level is a good optimum in such cases, with a focus on actual teams from the structure, with additional participation by representatives from other levels and branches. This team approach can use direct and indirect benchmarking to support its recommendations. Wherever a choice is available, the organizational researcher should try to go as micro as possible as uncontrollable factors and complexities keep increasing as the analysis goes to higher levels (Camp, et al. 1997). Aggregate measures tend to mislead, and reduce the chances of useful and valid findings. Regardless of how organizational research is approached, a common requirement is to specify qualitative organizational performance measures as closely as possible. What for example is motivation or how will supervision be assessed? This will also address the issue of phenomena at lower levels not being confirmed by theories at higher levels-perhaps the higher level has not specified the benefits it seeks (Crowston, 2002). Such specification will also reduce the pitfalls of data from a lower level from pluralistic ignorance, affecting analysis of a higher level (Schnake, and Dumler, 2003). Finally, the organizational researcher must always think of multi-level implications of proposed work and suggestive conclusions whether or not all levels are included in the work (Klein, & Kozlowski, 2003). Such an approach should persist throughout the research, including the critical stage of sampling. Conclusions While multiple levels in organizations and their influences cannot be denied, including all of them comprehensively in actual projects may present.   It may often be best to make research manageable with clear statements of assumptions and limitations. Organizations are in flux in any case and will evolve towards the median level. This is the historic trend (Huber, and Glick, 1993). Excellence and thoroughness in studying the team level may be a good compromise. The perspective of each category of stake holders is distinct, yet valid. The researcher would do well to keep the expectations and profile of his or her customer in mind! Multiple levels, in the end, are integral to all significant organizations, and all research in to such groupings must take these multiple levels in to account. References Camp, R. et al. (1997) Aggregating Individual-Level Evaluations of the Organizational Social Climate: A Multilevel Investigation of the Work Environment at the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Justice Quarterly 14: 4: 739-762. Crowston, K, (2002) Process as theory in information systems research, Proceedings of The IFIP WG 8.2 International Conference: The Social and Organizational Perspective on Research and Practice in Information Technology, 10–12 June 2000, Aalborg, Denmark. Huber, G, and Glick, W, (1993) Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance, Oxford University Press Klein, K & Kozlowski, S, (2003) A Multilevel Approach to Theory and Research in Organizations: Contextual, Temporal, and Emergent Processes, Chapter 1 in Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions, JOSSEY BASS Loo, Robert (2003) A multi-level causal model for best practices in project management, Benchmarking, Vol10, Issue 1; pg. 29, 8 pgs Payne, A, (2002), The Essentials of Services Marketing, Prentice-Hall Schnake, M. and Dumler, M. (2003) Levels of measurement and analysis issues in organizational citizenship behavior research, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 76(3):283         

Buddhism in Korea - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 503 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Buddhism Essay Did you like this example? Buddhism is a one of the main religion in Korea and is being recognized by lots of people. Buddhism in Korea came from China and Central Asia in the late 4th century. Korean scholars of the Buddhist tradition put themselves together after Japanese scholars with correcting the evaluation of the Korean Buddhist tradition and came out to prove the uniqueness and originality of Buddhism in Korea. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Buddhism in Korea" essay for you Create order Korean Buddhism still has lots of untouched resources a can still be explored. Due to early ignorance of Buddhism in Korea misleading information was processed. Buddhism has encountered with different regional and historic specifics with modernity also including colonialism and communism. Since the beginning of twentieth century, Korean Buddhism is facing challenge with its past and prospects of its future. In the mid-fifteenth century, nuns and monks were prohibited to enter the capital city which ended in 1895. Korean Buddhists had to go through 400 plus years until Korea started opening to the modern world. As they were going through this change they tried best to show the dignity of Korean Buddhism. With Japan ruling Korea in 1910, it started a 35-year colonial period. Colonialism is one of the aspects that Buddhism had to deal with then and its involvement with modernity in Asia. This period caused conflicting response of Korean Buddhism to Japanese Buddhism. The reform minded Buddhists were trying to redefine Buddhism to make it get into modern social and culture life another form of renovation was going known as Seon/Zen revivalism. With these two reformations; Buddhist reformism and Seon revivalism led to pull Buddhism in two different directions with first one trying to take Buddhism culture in future and other trying to revive the past. Both were trying to redefine Buddhism but with different approach and focus. Seon wanted to bring back the Seon practice and training while Buddhist reformists advancing the religion report with society. To reinstate more rigorous Seon practice Seon revivalists started new Seon monastic regulations. The beginning of modern period in Buddhism is commonly referred to 1895 where ban of monks and nuns to enter capital city was removed. Also a year after that Korea opened up to foreign power. The multi task of Korean Buddhism was to reestablish its status as religio-philosophhical system and showing relevance in modern society as well. Colonialism period between 1910 and 1945 was not easy to describe and was very complex. As Buddhism emerged from the experience of the Joseon dynasty it faced challenges of making it both socially viable and religiously significant (Park 1998, 75). By the late Goryeo dynasty Korean Buddhism was being accounting for using too much resources from the state thus putting a strain on the economy. So while the Josen dynasty was starting criticisms of Buddhism began regarding its moral and philosophical teachings. So while Buddhism was facing problems at that time it became a scattered religion. Even though Korean Buddhism was not at top of its power at the b eginning of twentieth century it was resilient and did enough to work in the limits imposed.

An Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Strange Meeting Essays

An Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Strange Meeting Analysis of a working manuscript for Wilfred Owens Strange Meeting provides the student with insight into the creative process. Owens original wording coupled with his subsequent revisions illuminate how he may have intended the poem to be understood by the reader. Owens revisions show a determination to accomplish three apparent objectives. First, Owen paid close attention to the connotative meanings inherent in his diction. Equally as important, Owen attempted to refine his language mechanics to enhance the esthetic quality of his work. Finally, there is evidence of a concerted effort to universalize the poem for readers of diverse experience. In contrast to prose writing,†¦show more content†¦If the face displays fears, the reader can assume some attributes of the person and the situation of his death. Fears also brings some life to the image, which may be why the Norton version uses pains, which are not only easier to envision on a corpse, but also attribute different characteristics to the person. If the person felt fear, the reader is less likely to empathize with him. If he felt pain, then the reader may tend to ennoble the person, and understand in a very different way the situation of his death. Later in the same line, the word creatures is replaced by visions. This change brings more humanity to the subject removing the connotation of bestiality, while reinforcing the fact that the person is dead. The appearance of the dead man as a vision brings an unearthly quality to the scene without compromising the humanity of the soldier. Line 14 contains a similar change in wording. Owen substitutes strange for my. The dead soldier is not in actuality the speakers friend, so my is not a good word choice because of its personal nature. My also conveys little in the way of imagery. Str ange, however, reinforces the otherworldly dichotomy of the situation. Another example of connotative meanings at work occurs in line 12, which appears to have originally read Yet no blood pumped here from the upper ground. Owens revisions read reached him, and reached him there. The Norton Anthology

Kaylee Rosales. Mrs.Kline. Honors English 10. 6 April,

Kaylee Rosales Mrs.Kline Honors English 10 6 April, 2017 Title The Drug War has been a policy and a battle to stop drug flow into the U.S, cease drug production and to completely illuminate drugs entirely but results have shown otherwise. In 1971, President Richard Nixon first declared the Drug war and classified drugs as a number one public enemy shortly after drug use hit its peak in the 1960’s. The U.S previously had anti-drug laws but the laws were light and directed mainly to minorities. The following President Jimmy Carter believed in decriminalizing Marijuana and certain portions of Marijuana were legal to possess during his term but the legalization was shortly lived. A new attempted solution was a program Nancy Reagan, President†¦show more content†¦On estimate 1 out of every 111 adults will be arrested for drug charges. Out of males that have been imprisoned 57% were black or latino which feeds into the common argument that the Drug War causes a racial divide. Throughout the countless years of battling the number of ca sualties of both races have been expanding and on average over the past seven years. 165,000 documented homicides have occurred in Mexico alone, due to drug war violence. Not only has the Drug War cost billions, imprisoned millions and killed thousands and continues to do so daily. Critics argue that legalization of certain drugs will not end the drug war and that instead, it will cause more violence and issues for the county’s well being. In the mid-1980’s the cocaine epidemic hit and a large amount of crime, deaths from overdoses and violence came with it. The result of this was laws being placed with minimum punishment for drug trafficking to attempt to control the issue. Throughout the early 1990s crime started to slowly decrease and in 2013 the amount of crime was reduced in half. One viewpoint is that once the title of being non-violent labeled drug traffickers crime started to rise anew. Some crimes included murders of innocent bystanders and more drug flow into the U.S (Cook1). William J. Bennett and John P. Walters, Boston Globe writers, complicate matters further when they write â€Å"For 25 years before President Obama, U.S policy confronted drug

Conference of Yalta free essay sample

Written Statement The Yalta Conference, by Komar and Melamid This piece was painted in 1982, its style being oil on canvas. Komar and Melamid were two artists that formed part of the Official Artists Union that decided to expose some of their underground art in 1974. This painting depicts two men, a male body with an extraterrestrial head, and a circus-like canopy in the background. The people showed in this work are Roosevelt, the President of the United States at the time on the right (hidden by an alien face), Hitler in the middle, leader of the Nazi Germany (who was dead at the time), and Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union, on the right. The reason they were united was because of a Conference that took place. The Yalta Conference, in 1945, was a meeting between Stalin, Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of England) in order to establish Europes new boundaries after World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on Conference of Yalta or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The message this piece intends to convey is that many people think Stalin tricked Roosevelt into allowing the Soviet Union to control the countries of Eastern Europe. Although Hitler was not alive at the time, he appears instead of Churchill. Hitler can be seen with a silencing pose, with one finger over his mouth, hushing us to emphasize the secrecy of the meeting. Roosevelt owns an extraterrestrial head symbolizing that he was not part of the European world and did not understand Stalins craft and underhandedness. Stalin appears serious, staring at the viewer with intimidating eyes. Corruption and mischief can be felt in that environment. Our interpretation is not very different to what is really conveyed. Hitler and Stalin s faces inspire mischief and bad vibrations. Corruption is easily spotted and the outsider position of Roosevelt is interesting. The creativity and thought put into replacing his head with an aliens is admirable, and in our opinion is the highlight of the painting. The circus like canopy in the back resembles people being fooled as in circuses, in this case Roosevelt. Hitlers face is not fully exposed, a shadow covers his left part of the face. His silencing pose automatically inspires us to think negatively about his intentions. Conference of Yalta By abhirhathi

Romeo And Juliet Essays (487 words) - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Lovers are often stopped from falling in love, but lovers have faith to help them love each other. In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, two star-crossed lovers are paused from falling in love, due to two family feuds. Fate leads Romeo and Juliet to meet and to die. Romeo and Juliet are fated to meet, although they are from different worlds. For example, when Romeo tells Benvolio of his first love, Benvolio tells him that they will soon be together, but Romeo claims ?in that bit you miss. She'll not be hit with Cupid's arrow, she hath plans wit? (I, I, 216-217). Rosaline was not meant for Romeo. Their love shared was unreal. Cupid knows that someone else along the way is destined for him. In addition, when preparing for a party at the Capulets' house, Romeo believes ?his mind misgives some consequences, yet hanging in the stars shall bitterly begin his fearful date,? (I, iv, 113-115) if he attends the party. The stars are predicting Romeo's future. They know that he will meet someone, but something between the two was just not meant to be. Furthermore, when Juliet asks Romeo how he found her, he replies, ?'By love, that first did prompt me to inquire. He lent me counsel, and I lent him my eyes. I am no pilot'? (II, ii, 85-87). Romeo's instincts lead him. Juliet is his true love and his soul knows where to guide him. Even if fate helped the two lovers to be together, it also helped bring them to punishment. Romeo and Juliet's path of love is fated for disaster. For example, when Juliet learns that Romeo is a Montague, she realizes ?[her] only love springs from [her] only hate? (I, iv, 52). Juliet knows inside that falling love with Romeo will only make the family feud even worse. Juliet also knows that the two can be killed for loving across their group. In addition, Juliet believes all men fickle and that Romeo ?be fickle, for [she] hopes thou wilt not keep him long, but send him back? (III, v, 60-64). Juliet hopes that Romeo will plays with her heart. She wants this because she wants the two lovers to end up in grief together, then they can be happy again. Furthermore, Juliet believes that she will meet Romeo ?by leaving earth? [to] comfort [her], counsel [her]? (III, v, 218-220). Romeo and Juliet's love is too strong to be broken down. The only way the two lovers can be happy is in heaven; therefore, death is the answer. Romeo and Juliet rely on death to satisfy them. Because the Montagues and Capulets disapprove of the couple meeting, they must die together to please themselves. They do not care what people say, they just want to be happy. Nowadays, couples still rely on death to help satisfy them, like Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare