Child Abuse Cause and Effects Essay Example

Child Abuse Cause and Effects Essay Example Child Abuse Cause and Effects Essay Child Abuse Cause and Effects Essay April 20, 2009, para.1 ) . Furthermore, some kid development experts merely they define child maltreatment as any act which fails to take attention of the kids. At present the rate of kid maltreatment incidents increased quickly and go oning and each kid around the universe in malice of his /her age, sex, race and faith can fall victim for maltreatment from the aliens or from member of his/her household. Harmonizing to Child Protective Service bureaus, province in 2001 likely 3 million kids were reported as suspected victims of maltreatment and disregard. They reported that immature kids are most at hazard for being maltreatment or disregard, and 40 % of the victims are under the age of 6 old ages excessively ( Barent A ; Barnet, 1998 ) ( P1207 ) . Child maltreatment can include many types, has many causes and its affects the guiltless kids negatively and leaves deep and lasting Markss on them. Child Abuse can go on because of poorness, household emphasis, maltreatment of subst ances ( drugs, intoxicant aˆÂ ¦ ) and psychological jobs. Child maltreatments have different signifiers. It can be physical, emotional, sexual maltreatment and disregard. The maltreaters can be from household or a alien and those are selected to show their troubles or jobs on the incapacitated kids who are unable to support themselves. The effects of any types of maltreatment what of all time the cause is terrible and assorted harmonizing to the signifier of maltreatment. It can be seen on the kid, household and community. Causes of Child maltreatment There are several causes of kid maltreatment. First cause is poverty. It happens when the household does non hold the resources to supply or to run into the demand of their household members particularly kids like nutrient, proper frock, instruction aˆÂ ¦.ect. In some hapless states, figure of households tends to sail their kids to rich people and some they make them to work in really immature age or they merely leave them in forepart of any orphaned door because they are unable to run into their demand and this consider as maltreatment for them. Family as we know is considers as nucleus of safety to all kids and it is an of import sour of love and attention. Family jobs are the 2nd cause of kid maltreatment, it can be due to disassociate so the kid will be separated from the household and because of that a batch of jobs raised such as both parents inquiring for their right to take the kid. Furthermore, kid maltreatment about occurs in many households with abused parents were th ey abused before therefore they are reflecting that on their kids. Some of the parents are immature and they do nt cognize how to cover with troubles that they face when taken attention of a kid. The 3rd cause of maltreatment consequences because the maltreaters are taken substances which make them unaware of them self or others around them. Substance maltreatment is become one of the chief grounds for the increasing figure of child maltreatment around the universe. Through out different surveies it was clear that parents with history of substance maltreatment, most normally alcohol, cocaine, and diacetylmorphine, were more likely to mistreat their kids. This substance can take to developing unnatural behaviours by the maltreater either they are from household or aliens. The last cause of kid maltreatment can be psychological. Parents who do non hold a support community of close friends or relations populating nearby may experience isolated. Some of the household members who are end uring from mental upsets tend to harm the kid without cognizing Forms of kid maltreatment Child maltreatment can take different signifiers physical maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, sexual maltreatment and disregard as reference antecedently. Physical maltreatment includes scalding, crushing or terrible physical penalty and it is easy to place the dangers of physical maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment includes sexual assault, caressing of venereal countries, and exposure to indecorous Acts of the Apostless or engagement in sexual erotica in the net or in some telecasting channels. Sexual maltreaters steal from a kid their childhood. Emotional maltreatment includes verbal maltreatment and unjust unfavorable judgment, terrorising Acts of the Apostless, and deficiency of nurturance or emotional support. Child neglect can take on a figure of different signifiers. For case a kid s nutritionary demands can be ignored, ensuing in a deficient diet and, in bend, a failure to boom. This type of disregard is non needfully done intentionally and it may ensue because parents have deficiency of cognition sing a healthy diet or from poorness. Physical disregard consequences when a kid is non provided with shelter and vesture. Disregard can besides come in the signifier of unequal medical attention, deficiency of proper supervising, and deficiency of educational chances. Finally, disregard besides includes unequal emotional attention, where a kid experiences a uninterrupted deficiency of response to his or her weeping or any other behaviour in demand of a response. A UNICEF study on child well-being stated that the United States and the United Kingdom ranked lowest among industrial states with regard to the well-being of kids. This survey besides found that kid disregard and kid maltreatment are far more common in single-parent households than in households where both parents are present. The type of disregard experienced by kids can be dependent on the civilization in which kid lives. For illustration, in India 1 job still faced by many immature adult females is matrimony in little age and some clip they are still kids. Due to extreme poorness, many misss are consider as a fiscal load to their households and are in bend forced to get married in exchange for money. In some instances, immature adult females are sold. As Segal ( 2001 ) notes, under both fortunes these kids are necessarily physically abused. Based on the above kid maltreatment with its assorted signifiers and causes it has several effects excessively. It can be short, and others are lifelong so it is differ harmonizing to the badness of the maltreatment and its type. Children with a history of maltreatment are at hazard of developing psychiatric jobs. Furthermore, new research linked between exposure to child maltreatment in all its signifiers and rates of many chronic conditions that adult develops. The strongest grounds comes from the Adverse Childhood Experiences like V. J. Felitti, MD Kaiser Permanente and R. F. Anda, series of surveies which show dealingss between exposure to mistreat or pretermit and higher rates in maturity of chronic conditions, high hazard wellness behaviours and shortened unrecorded span . The effects of kid maltreatment can be divided into three classs which can be seen in the person and reflect in the community. These are Emotional effects, physical effects and behavioural. Get downing with emotional effects which include low self-esteem, depression and anxiousness, eating upsets, bad dreams ; bed wetting, troubles in edifice relationship, isolation, and personality upsets. Physical effects include life endangering hurts, decease, womb-to-tomb wellness jobs, troubles in apprehension, and physical disablements. Finally, Behavioral effects that include jobs in school the advancement of mental development, condemnable behaviour, gestation of misss in little age, self-destruction efforts, substance maltreatment, aggressive behaviour, maltreatment others and choler. The consequence of these jobs are found in the kid and so in the community as a consequence. The effects on a kid depends on the grade of the maltreatment is, the greater the maltreatment, the greater the consequence on the kid. Abused kids besides exhibit conditions like trouble in constructing up relationships with others so he/she will be isolated from community. A feeling of guilt and choler can be develop and may go maltreater him/herself subsequently in grownup phase. It is clear that kid abuse regardless of its cause leaves more than merely contusions or words ; it is a affair which needs a greatest attending since it involves the future coevals of the universe. Not merely they will endure from the physical and mental maltreatment, they suffer many long-run effects, including holds in developmental, refusal to go to school, separation from community and anxiousness upsets. Even though, kid maltreatment is still go oning and complex job with many causes, we should non construct a negative attitude toward its bar. Therefore everybody responsible in halting kid maltreatment by cut downing if non extinguishing the causes yet we feel angry at maltreater who can take away a spirit of a kid. Around the universe there are many bureaus with different plan seeking their best to halt it. This can be done by accommodating several programs for illustration: Children are an of import component in any community ; they desire a maximal love and attention should be given to them without any limitations. They are deserves a healthy, salvage childhood and the chance to turn up to usually and go lending big able to function and construct up a healthy community. We all want to protect them and steer them in the right way.

Life as a Native of Calicut, T essays

Life as a Native of Calicut, T essays Life as a native of Calicut, Tlaxcala, and Essaka was harsh, especially when they had to deal with the experiences and difficulties brought by the outsiders from other countries. The following will give you some insight into exactly how the invasion of a new country affects the lives of the natives. It will also include the emotions of the natives to the outsiders invasion and what affect it had during and after the invasion. It was the year 1405 when I had taken a long walk into the city of Calicut with my father. He was a merchant and it was my turn to begin learning the ropes on bartering and trading. I was told that I had to keep quiet when the Chinese arrived, I did not know what to expect. The thought of meeting face to face with strange foreigners automatically sent shivers down my back. My father had told me that the Chinese were such wonderful people because the new ruler allowed them to trade once again with the lands across the waters. (Levathes, p. 88) He told me we lived on a land that was called The great country of the Western Ocean.(Levathes, p.100) He said the people of the cities around us were called barbarians but we were not because the Chinese treated the Zamurin as an equal and had the utmost respect for their highly structured society with an efficient civil service, a well-trained army and navy, and a harsh system of justice. Like the Chinese emperors, the zamurins were patrons of literature and the arts. (Levathes, p. 100) Once we reached the trading grounds the word spread that the Chinese junks would be coming shortly. I became very anxious, excited and nervous all at the same time. I was about to see the great, powerful people from the sea. As the men stepped off their boats, my palms were sticky and beads of sweat began to accumulate on my brow. The majestic looking men covered with silk followed by their majestic looking fleets, walked o...

/Fostering Motivation, Civility, and Integrity Assignment

/Fostering Motivation, Civility, and Integrity - Assignment Example ehind this principle is to establish a classroom culture wherein students would be more aware and afraid of violating the school law regarding cheating and plagiarism. Doing so, the students would be more careful in terms of obliging with the school policy. Although maintaining a good relationship with the students is necessary in terms of encouraging the students to build trust with their professors, school teachers should be clear that it is their responsibility to draw a line between being lenient and strict. Through the proper use of school teachers’ authority in class, it would be easier for teachers to win the students’ cooperation not to violate the rule behind cheating and plagiarism. Upon involving the students to participate in classroom discussion regarding the school policy behind cheating and plagiarism, it is also possible to encourage other students to report any person they know who is cheating or plagiarizing their school paper by giving them rewards (Forsyth, Increasing Academic Integrity, 2002). 2. On page 211, Forsythe presents 3 case studies (originally defined by Carbone, 1998) of ways to manage civility / incivility in the classroom. From a psychological standpoint, why do you think each of these will be effective or not? (Feel free to use whatever theoretical approaches you are comfortable with/subscribe to?). Personally, for you, which of these methods, or blending of methods seems the most useful? From a psychological standpoint, creating a classroom norm is effective since the students are made aware of what to expect each time they decide to violate the classroom and school policy. Since the practice of incorporating rewards and punishment in a classroom norm makes the students aware that violating one of the school and classroom rules is equivalent to a specific punishment, the students would think twice before they decide to misbehave in class or cheat in their academic papers. For this reason, most teachers find this technique

Correctional Theory in General & Nontraditional Onces Research Paper

Correctional Theory in General & Nontraditional Onces - Research Paper Example Nontraditional strategies like Electronic Home Monitoring and Day reporting have garnered prevalence in the judicial system. They are aimed at reducing the judicial expenditure and enhancing rehabilitation into the community. Analysis of recidivism and educational and vocational results illustrates the effectiveness of these strategies compared to traditional correction strategies. Introduction Criminal offenders are members of the societal system who needs protection and care from the very society that they threaten. For this reason, correction facilities such prisons and juvenile correction centers have been established to help in changing the offenders from their criminal ways into responsible and productive members of the society. Correction of offenders is essential to ensure that they refrain from their criminal endeavors and also to enhance a safer community where no one is threatened by their presence. Sociologists and criminology scholars have advanced various theories, both traditional and non-traditional to explain the evolution and importance of correction systems. Each of these theories has been advanced to support various goals and objectives of the correction process. The goals include advancing the principle of cost effectiveness and reducing rates of recidivism. Prevalent Competing Theories of Correction Rehabilitative strategy is one of the prevalent theories of correction. Rehabilitation is aimed at making the community a better place to live by changing the mindset of the offender and eliminating the factors that make an offender engage in crime. It is also aimed at reintegrating the offenders back into the community rather than eliminating them and excluding them due to their acts. Rehabilitative strategy is all round as it not only changes the individual, but also changes the society from which the individual lives. It is a strategy aimed at completely eradicating the proponents of criminal behavior (Cullen and Gendreau, 2000). Boot camp ( Shock incarceration) strategy as the name suggests is a correction strategy that resembles martial indispensable training. This correction program entails manual labor, emphasizes on forceful physical bustle, and any activity that was aimed at reducng free time that the inmates might have. This strategy also implies strict rules as pertains to the appearance and the conduct of the inmates. Intense verbal techniques are also utilized by the correctional officers, aimed at constructive changes by shuttering the in mates resistance (Parent, 2003). Difference in the Goals of these Correction Strategies Goals of rehabilitative strategy Firstly, it attributed breaking of the law to social and psychological factors that led the individual to breaking the law and these factors needed to be dealt with in a personalized approach. Secondly, it aimed at changing the factors that led each offender to committing crime. In addition, the rehabilitative program was aimed at individualizing the corre ction of each offender on a case after case basis. Consequently, this correctional approach aimed at incorporating discretion in the imposition of sanctions to offenders (Cullen and Gendreau, 2000). Goals of boot camps (shock incarceration) strategy Boot camps as strategies of correction had three main goals. To begin with, they were aimed at reducing operational cost. Consequently, they were aimed at reducing prison populations. They were also aimed at reducing recidivism (Parent,

Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone Essay Example for Free

Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone Essay The Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone (RUF/SL) invaded Sierra Leone from Liberia in March 1991. Initially they claimed to be a political movement supporting ‘liberation’ and ‘democracy. Instead the RUF, in reality, was an insecurely combined organization of mainly rebellious young people that inflicted mortal disaster throughout the country of Sierra Leone. The political revolution message failed to attract popular support, the RUF board on a barbarian ten-year civil war that had devastating consequences for civilians, in particular children. General Information about Child Soldiers The numbers of child soldiers are continually variable given the growth of diverse armed conflicts. The number of children under the age of 18 who have been forced or induced to take up arms as child soldiers is commonly thought to be around of 300,000. Non-governmental military organizations tend to recruit soldiers under the age of 15.Governmental armed forces, on the other hand, are more likely to recruit soldiers under the age of 18. From what is known the age of 7 is the youngest a child soldier can be. Over 50 countries currently take on children under the age of 18 into their militia. [pic] Figure 1. The African situation since Africa has without any doubt the largest number of child soldiers[1] What is a Child Soldier? UNICEF, The United Nations Children Fund, defines child soldiers as any child—boy or girl—under eighteen years of age, who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity[2]. According to the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers: â€Å"Child soldiers perform a range of tasks including participation in combat, laying mines and explosives; scouting, spying, acting as decoys, couriers or guards; training, drill or other preparations; logistics and support functions, portering, cooking and domestic labour; and sexual slavery or other recruitment for sexual purposes.†[3] Girls are also called child soldiers and this is the case for many reasons. Girls usually fulfil numerous roles. While they are commonly recruited and used for sexual purposes, they are almost always also caught up in other military responsibilities. These include fighting, laying explosives, portering, and performing domestic tasks. How many child soldiers are there? It is difficult to give a worldwide number of child soldiers at any one time. There are various reasons as to why exact figures cannot be calculated. An example is that military commanders frequently mask children or do not allow access to observers. Armed groups regularly operate in dangerous, unapproachable zones to which observers do not have access and many children carry out support roles and are therefore not visible in military operations. How do children become soldiers? A special report on the impact of armed conflict on children which was created in 1996 explained how children become soldiers. In the report it is stated ‘Hunger and poverty may drive parents to offer children for service or attract children to volunteer as a way to guarantee regular meals, clothing or medical attention. Some children become soldiers to protect themselves or their families in the face of violence and chaos around them, while others, particularly adolescents, are lured by ideology. Children also identify with social causes, religious expression, self-determination, national liberation or the pursuit of political freedom, as in South Africa or the occupied territories. [4] Another reason emphasizes the efficient value of children, especially for tedious tasks. An important explanation to keep in mind could be that child soldiers may be valuable for signalling purposes. A rebel leader may hope to show significance, commitment or terror through abduction of a child[5]. Finally, some people insist that young children are more malleable, adaptable, and obedient, as well as more easily persuaded and deceived. Therefore they are said to be easier to manage and retain[6]. If children are as productive as adults, we should find a disproportionate number in armed groups. The following two case studies give examples of what a girl and a boy have gone through during Sierra Leone’s devastating civil war. By describing their tasks, the reasons as to why these violate Human Rights can be clearly seen. Case Study: Fatmata Fatmata was one of only two survivors from her village in Sierra Leone. She was barely six years old when she was captured by the cruel rebel groups. She was taken to a rebel stronghold and forced to work under harsh conditions as a servant. In Fatmata’s own words: We had to work all day while they would curse my mother and abuse me†. When she got older, Fatmata was forced to become the second wife of one of her rebel captors, therefore meaning she was raped and gave birth to the child of a rebel.[7] Case Study: Ishmael Beah In ‘A Long Way Gone’: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, Ishmael Beah, now twenty-six years old, tells a successfully enthralling story of his life as a child soldier. At the age of twelve, he fled from rebel attacks and wandered a land caused to be unrecognizable by brutality. By thirteen, he had been captured by the government army, and Beah, even though he was a gentle young boy at heart, found that he was capable of truly terrible acts. At sixteen, he was taken away from fighting by UNICEF. Beah, like many other child soldiers, had gone through devastating psychological traumas and through the help of the staff at his rehabilitation centre, he learned how to forgive himself, to regain his humanity and was finally able to heal.[8] Human Rights According to the Truth and Reconciliations commissions report the use of local as well as international human rights mechanisms in responding to the shocking criminal acts that took place in Sierra Leone during the previous decade is important to the development of international human rights law[9]. Sierra Leone became a member of the United Nations in 1961 and is a signatory to most of the important human rights committees including the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Government of Sierra Leone has also ratified the optional protocol. Children Rights Act has been enacted in Sierra Leone quite recently in 2007. The Government of Sierra Leone signed and ratified the Protocol on 8 September 2000 and 15 May 2002. Convention to the Rights of a Child The Convention to the Rights of a Child (CRC) is built on diverse legal systems as well as cultural traditions. The Convention is a universally agreed set of fixed standards and obligations. These human rights set the least amount of pre-emptive declaration and freedoms that should be valued by governments. In Article 38, the Convention on the Rights of the Child insist that governments to take all possible measures to guarantee that children under 15 have no direct involvement in warfare. The Convention also sets 15 years as the minimum age at which a person can be willingly recruited into or willingly signs up in the armed forces.[10] Optional Protocol The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the contribution of children in armed conflict symbolizes a progressive leap in the international law in order to defend children from the damaging effects of recruitment and use in warfare. The Protocol requires States who authorize it to obtain all practicable measures to make sure those members who are part of their armed forces and are under the age of 18 do not have a direct involvement in the fighting’s. States must also raise the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into the armed forces from 15 years but does not require a minimum age of 18. The Protocol reminds States that children under 18 years are entitled to distinctive protection and so any voluntary recruitment under the age of 18 must include adequate protection. Compulsory recruitment below the age of 18 is fully banned and States parties must also take legal measures to forbid self-governing armed groups from recruiting and using children under the age of 18 in conflicts.[11] ARTICLE 1 of the Optional Protocol: ‘States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities.’ This shows that the Protocol raised the age that children are allowed to be a member of an illegal or legal armed force from 15 years to 18 years. UNICEF and ‘The International Rescue Committee’ and how they have helped In Sierra Leone, UNICEF was the lead agency for child protection, which worked with its colleagues to reduce arms, and to release and reconnect process for child soldiers from 1998 to 2002.They construct protective and healthy educational environments where former child soldiers obtain the opportunity to learn how to live without weapons, gain new skills which enables them to be prepared for their future and to learn how to become prolific citizens in their society. Most importantly they are given a second chance to learn how to be children again. Demobilized children were moved to temporary care centres supported by UNICEF where they were given health care and also psychosocial counselling. They also participated in educational and recreational activities while family tracing reunification was going on. A vast majority of former child soldiers have been reunited with their families. Access to education and family and community support programmes have been the key to their success to help the former child soldiers[12]. With headquarters in Freetown and three field offices in Kono, Kenema and Kailhaun districts, the International Rescue Committee provides programs that focus on child protection, education, and health, specifically for former child soldiers after the civil war ended in 2000. The IRC works to increase local participation in project activities, build local capacity, promote and protect human rights, partner with local communities and organizations, and address relief and development needs in a holistic fashion. The Revolutionary United Front rebels released 600 child soldiers. The International Rescue Committee provided education, skills training, and psychosocial care to 100 of them[13]. Conclusion To conclude, there have been many programmes that have been created to reduce and assist former child soldiers. Off course it is not possible to help every single child soldier and there are many reasons for this. Some of the reasons are that there are still a number of these soldiers that may still be involved and their whereabouts are not known. During the civil war, many of the parents of these children were killed, so it is difficult to reunite them with their families, and if they are lucky another family member may still be alive in order to look after them. Organisations, like UNICEF, provide homes for former child soldiers who are unlucky to not have anybody. By education and counselling, children learn to forgive themselves for violent crimes they were forced to commit and help themselves to progress in the future. REFERENCES †¢ Beah, I (2007). ‘A Long Way Gone’: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Harper Perennial. p5-218. †¢ Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of Rebellion: The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. Available: http://chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOofRebellion.pdf. Last accessed 6th December 2010. †¢ Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers. (2007). Questions and Answers. Available: http://www.child-soldiers.org/childsoldiers/questions-and-answers. Last accessed 1st December 2010. †¢ Michael Odeh and Colin Sullivan. Children in Armed Conflict. Available: http://www.yapi.org/rpchildsoldierrehab.pdf. Last accessed 8th December 2010. †¢ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child . Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. †¢ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2000). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. †¢ Report of the Sierra Leone Truth Reconciliation Commission. (2004). Children and the Armed Conflict in Sierra Leone. Vol. 3B, p231-340. †¢ Spagnoli, F. (2008). Human Rights Quote (49): Child Soldiers. Available: http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-war-conflict/statistics-on-child-soldiers/. Last accessed 8th December 2010. †¢ UNICEF. CHILD SOLDIERS. Available: http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/briefing/soldiers/soldiers.pdf. Last accessed 1st December 2010. †¢ UNICEF. FACTSHEET: CHILD SOLDIERS. Available: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/childsoldiers.pdf. Last accessed 8th †¢ UNICEF. (29 April 2008). What is a child soldier?. Available: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_childsoldiers.html. Last accessed 4th December 2010. †¢ UN Works. Fatmata’s Story. Available: http://www.un.org/works/goingon/soldiers/fatmata_story.html. Last accessed 8th December 2010. [1] Spagnoli, F. (2008). Human Rights Quote (49): Child Soldiers. Available: http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-war-conflict/statistics-on-child-soldiers/. Last accessed 8th December 2010. [2] UNICEF. (29 April 2008). What is a child soldier?. Available: . http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_childsoldiers.html. Last accessed 4th December 2010. [3] Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers. (2007). Questions and Answers. Available: http://www.child-soldiers.org/childsoldiers/questions-and-answers. Last accessed 1st December 2010. [4] UNICEF. CHILD SOLDIERS. Available: http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/briefing/soldiers/soldiers.pdf. Last accessed 1st December 2010. [5] Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of Rebellion: The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. Available: http://chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOofRebellion.pdf. Last accessed 6th December 2010. [6] Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of Rebellion: The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. Available: http://chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOofRebellion.pdf. Last accessed 6th December 2010. [7] UN Works. Fatmata’s St ory. Available: http://www.un.org/works/goingon/soldiers/fatmata_story.html. Last accessed 8th December 2010. [8] Beah, I (2007). ‘A Long Way Gone’: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Harper Perennial. p5-218. [9] Report of the Sierra Leone Truth Reconciliation Commission. (2004). Children and the Armed Conflict in Sierra Leone. Vol. 3B, p231-340. [10] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child . Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. [11] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2000). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. [12] UNICEF. FACTSHEET: CHILD SOLDIERS. Available: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/files/childsoldiers.pdf. Last accessed 8th [13] Michael Odeh and Colin Sullivan. Children in Armed Conflict. Available: http://www.yapi.org/rpchildsoldierrehab.pdf. Last accessed 8th December 2010.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): The Gentle Meursault :: Camus Stranger Essays

The Gentle Meursault of Camus’s The Stranger (The Outsider) In Albert Camus’s The Stranger, Meursault, the protagonist, could be seen as immoral if he were judged on the basis of his actions alone. However, through Camus’s use of a first person narrative, we begin to understand Meursault as not an immoral man, but simply an indifferent one. Meursault is a symbol of the universe, and so in understanding him we understand that the universe is also not evil, but instead a place of gentle indifference. At first glance, Meursault could be seen as an evil man. He shows no grief at his mother’s funeral, worrying more about the heat. His first reaction to his mother’s death is not sadness, it is a matter-of-fact, unemotional acceptance of the situation. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know.† Later on in the story, Meursault kills an Arab on the beach, and his only concern is that he has ruined the calm, pleasant day he was having. When he is in jail, the magistrate comes in an attempt to save Meursault’s soul, but instead of cooperating, Meursault simply confounds the magistrate by refusing to believe in God. Even at his trial, Meursault doesn’t show any remorse for having killed the Arab. Based on this evidence alone, how can we not see Meursault as evil? In the novel, we are given a more complete view of Meursault. The story is told from his point-of-view, which allows us to understand the situation as Meursault perceives it. Looking at the situation in this light, we can see Meursault as not evil, but simply indifferent and detached from life. He doesn’t attempt to get wrapped up in emotion or relationships, he just takes things as they come, doing whatever is easiest for him. He becomes friends with Raymond and agrees to marry Marie simply because he doesn’t have a very good reason not to. Seeing the story from Meursault’s viewpoint, we understand that even killing the Arab wasn’t an act of malice or evil intent. As Meursault puts it, â€Å"My nature is such that my physical needs often get in the way of my feelings.† With this in context, things begin to make more sense. Meursault’s seemingly cryptic statement that he murdered the Arab â€Å"because of the sun† can be taken as truth . Meursault does things that society judges as wrong not because he is evil or wants to appear immoral, but because the sun and heat, symbols for Meursault’s emotional state, cause him to become uncomfortable and act â€Å"inappropriately.

Acct553 Homework Es

1. (TCO A) A taxpayer may litigate a tax dispute without first paying the tax in the:  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U. S. District Court. U. S. Tax Court. U. S. Court of Federal Claims. All of the above | 2. (TCO F) A business bad debt is deductible for tax purposes as a(n):  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ordinary business deduction. short-term capital loss. long-term capital loss. miscellaneous itemized deduction. | 3. (TCO I) Under the cash method of tax accounting, tax deductions are generally taken when:  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  payment is made. the liability arises. there is net income to absorb the expense.None of the above | 4. (TCO A) Which of the following constitutes tax evasion? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arranging your affairs to keep your tax liability as low as possible under the tax law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Failing to disclose a tax liability from a completed transaction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trying to maximize profits Trying to minimize your tax liability. | 5. (TCO C) Which of the following items is subject to federal income tax? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interest on U. S. Treasury bonds Gambling winnings Interest on loans made in the ordinary course of business   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the above | 6. (TCO B) Sam owes Bob $8,000.Bob cancels (forgives) the debt. The cancellation is not a gift, but Sam is insolvent. Which of the following statements is correct concerning the impact of this transaction? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Bob and Sam recognize $8,000 of taxable income. Bob recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Sam recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Neither Bob nor Sam has any taxable income from this transaction. | 7. (TCO I) David, a cash basis taxpayer, owns two rental properties. Based on the following information, compute the amount that he must include in his 2012 gross rental income.Property #1, security deposit on one-year lease received 2/1/12 All of deposit returned at lease end: $1,000 Property #1, payment received 2/1/12 for last month of lease(1/13): $900 Property #1, rental income received in 2012 2/12-12/12: $8,000   Property #2, rental income received in 2012 1/12-12/12: $9,600 Property #2, security deposit received 1/1/12 to be used for last month's rent: $800 Property #2, rent 1/13 received 12/28/12: $800  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $21,100 $19,300 $18,500 $20,100 | 8. (TCO F) Section 197's intangible assets, such as patents and trademarks, are amortized for tax purposes over:   (Points : 5)| years. 15 years. 10 years. 20 years. | 9. (TCO E) Explain the constructive receipt doctrine. (Points : 17)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 10. (TCO G) Answer the following questions concerning tax laws. a. What roles do the U. S. Constitution and U. S. Congress play in creating the tax law? b. What does the common body of tax law (CBOTL) consist of? Br iefly explain how a tax bill becomes a tax law. c. What role does the Internal Revenue Service play in interpreting, and providing guidance on, the tax law? What types of tax law guidance are published by the IRS? (Points : 18)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |

Contemporary to Social Work Essay

Taking into consideration all the material received regarding the Benjamin family, I have chosen to make use of the think child, think parent and think family approach in analysing the material. This method identifies what changes are required to improve service planning, delivery and practice and this will assist to improve the wellbeing and life chances of families affected by parental health. This essay will examine all the material provided focusing particularly on Daniel and Emma Watson. However, an examination of the Benjamin’s family will be performed in view of developing a modality on how to provide support to them. This essay is aimed at making preparation for assessment, taking into account individual needs, culture, diversity, and available resources that will enable me to provide support for everyone especially Daniel. Firstly, the essay will look at the Law that governs adoption processes, Daniels wishes and what needs to transpire to improve his quality of life. Secondly, I will also look at the Benjamin family and their proposal to adopt Daniel. In addition to this, I will examine Emma Watson and try to find out how I can facilitate her need to get her son back and what can be done to overcome barriers she may encounter, and finally I will offer a summary of the essay. In order for me to begin to think about the assessment process, my main duty would be to find out what the law declares. As put forward by Brammer (2003), Adoption Order may not be made unless the parent’s consents to the Adoption Order under Children Act 1989 S.20, or their consent should be dispensed and the child has been placed for adoption by an adoption agency with the prospective adopters in whose favour the order is proposed to be made. A parent is the mother or married father or father with parental responsibility, and not the unmarried father without parental responsibility. Steps are made to contact the unmarried father of a child and counsel him and seek hi s views on adoption even though he does not have to give his consent. The court or adoption agency must have regard to the following matters (the list is not intended to be exhaustive nor in any order of priority) Children Act 1989 S. 1(4) a) The child’s ascertainable wishes and feelings regarding the decision (considered in the light of the child’s age and understanding). The guidance to this Act reinforces this aspect of the checklist stating; â€Å"it is essential that an adoption agency, in so far as reasonably practicable , involves and consults the child at all stages of the adoption process, ascertaining and taking into account his views in a way which is sensitive to, and consistent with his age and understanding† (para.13). b) The child’s particular needs; This factor includes the child’s physical, emotional and educational need as expressed in the checklist and is likely to extend to other needs including social psychological and health. c) The likely effect on the child (throughout his life) of having cease d to be a member of the original family and to become an adopted person, in addition to this statement The United Nation Convention on the Rights if the Child states that it is the fundamental right of every child to belong to a family and Article. 8 of the ECHR the right to respect family life. As with the welfare principle, the court must consider the effects on the child throughout his life. d) The child’s age, sex, background and any of the Child’s characteristics which the court or agency considers relevant. e) Any harm (within the means of Children Act 1989) that the child has suffered or is at risk of suffering. This refers to any harm and not just significant harm The relationship which the child has with relative and with any other person in relation to whom the court or agency considers the relationship to be relevant, including (i) the likelihood of any such relationship continuing and the value to the child of doing so, (ii) the ability and willingness of any of the child’s relatives, or of any such person to provide the child with a secure environment in which the child can develop, and otherwise to meet the child’s needs, (iii) the wishes and feelings of any of the child’s relatives, or of any such person regarding the child. This factor is one of the provisions in the Act that calls on the courts to consider contact. (S.1 (8) (a) allows the views of other important people in the child’s life to be taken into account such as foster and it also includes the child’s birth parents. Moreover, the delay principle is drawn from the Children Act. Section 1 (3) the court or adoption agency must at all times bear in mind that, in general, any delay in coming to the decision is likely to prejudice the child’s welfare. The court draws up a timetable for the avoidance of delay. The Public Outline also has an impact on the overall timescale for a child between care proceedings and final placement. In addition to this Section 1(5) states that in placing the child for adoption the agency must give due consideration to the child’s religious persuasion, racial origin and cultural and linguistic background. The guidance in a circular â€Å"Adoption – Achieving the right balance† re cognised the importance of a child’s ethnic origin, culture and religion as significant factors to be accounted for; noting that placement with a family of similar ethnic origin is most likely to meet the child’s needs as fully as possible†. Adoptions takes a while to process and this allows the Multi-disciplinary agencies time to prepare the family and especially give Emma the support she requires if she is still interested in having Daniel back or not. Studies indicate that when the child is placed for adoption birth parents face bereavement as they face losing their child for good even if it is the child’s best interest. On-going contact help alleviate some of their anguish and bringing them benefits such as reassurance that the child is alright, making the loss of their child easier to accept, helping them to feel more positively about the adoptive parents and seeing a positive role for themselves in their child’s future. Coulshed and Orme (2006) define assessment as â€Å"an on-going process in which the service user participates, the purpose of which is to understand people in relation to their environment; it is the basis for planning what needs to be done to maintain, improve and bring about change †. The five stages of assessment process involve Preparation, data collection, examining the data, data analysis and acting on outcomes of the data analysis. Bell et al (2007) and White (2009) state that a good assessment ensures that the child remains at the heart of the assessment, contains full, brief, significant and precise data, makes good use of information from a range of sources, includes a family and social history and includes a clear analysis. Here I am now examining the data. In the correspondence, it appears that the Benjamin family want to adopt Daniel, whilst both Mr and Mrs Benjamin may be a little old to adopt Daniel; they might be an exception as Daniel is already in their care and he appears to fit in well with the family. One of the Benjamin’s roles in Daniels life is to help him maintain attachment with his mother. They must also help the child to develop healthy and strong new attachments with themselves and then transfer those attachments to the permanent caretakers of Daniel who may be either Emma or adoptive parents. Barbara has good support network in the family, which includes Naseem who has worked as a Social Work assistant and has had good background of meeting the needs of ethnic minority children. Barbara is already an expert in caring for Daniel in the documentation I received it appears she responds to his behaviour and deals with his need on a daily basis. However, I have to carry out an assessment on attachment to determine whether it is advisable that they have such strong bonds as suggested by document A1 received 09.01.12. When assessing attachment between Daniel and the Benjamin family, I would look at Daniel and his environment. I would observe his developmental functions and take note of the behaviour he displays in the home and how he responds to the family. As I observe, I need to look at the interactions with the adults and observe whether Daniel appears relaxed or not. Observing the Benjamin family includes how they react to the Daniels advances; the interactions that they ini tiate with him, disciplinary techniques used in the home and the family’s awareness of Daniel as a separate individual who has needs of his own and not relating all of his behaviour to their needs. Furthermore, I would observe whether Daniel engages in age appropriate activities and is able to express frustration or not. I would be interested in knowing whether Daniel responds appropriately to being apart from Barbra and how he responds upon her return. In addition to this, I would need to know if the environment provides adequate stimulation and safety measures appropriate to Daniel’s age and stage of development. If the case is that Daniel is not receiving support he will become disconcerted, insecure and without self-esteem. Fahlberg (1988), suggested that toddlers aged two should be able to use words like â€Å"me† and â€Å"mine†, point consistently to body parts, combine two to three words, name pictures of common object and follow simple direction. However, Daniel suffers from cytomegalovirus and because of this, his developing is slow and he will need extra care and time for caregivers to meet his needs. It is important that Emma is educated on what it is and what kind of responsibilities is attached to caring for Daniel for a lifetime. According to The National Health Service UK, Cytomegalovirus also known as CMV is part of the herpes virus. CMV is part of the human to human transmissible through close bodily contact. Coughs and sneezes are also possible routes of transmission. There is no current cure for CMV infection however medication can help people with weak immune system; in Daniels case, he was born with what could be medically termed as congenital CMV, children born with it show no signs or symptoms although some eventually develop hearing loss like Daniel. Some of the symptoms these children have are treatable but the children may develop hearing loss and one or more disabilities during the course of their lives. These symptoms may include seizures, problems with physical co-ordination, deafness cognitive difficulties and many more. Fahlberg (1988) propose that Caregivers who understand developmental issues are less likely to be as upset by normal behaviour and more likely to support the child as he struggles with the basic tasks at each stage. They are more readily able to perceive what a child needs to help him grow. Emma Watson made a phone call to Social Services recently. In the conversation, she stated that she wanted her son Daniel, back. Daniel has been in a foster placement with the Benjamin Family. The Benjamin’s would like to adopt him and it appears that Daniel has settled well with the family. According to Rutter, (1989) and Black, (2000), research shows that children end up doing badly when an attachment bonds are disturbed. They suggested that children are to be moved when it is inevitable, in situations such as, when parents die or when they are being placed away from an abusive home they continue and state that it is unjustifiable to move a child from a safe foster home. Bowbly (1951) advised that a child should receive the continuous care of a single most important attachment figure for approximately the first two years of his life. He claimed that mothering is almost useless if delayed until after two and a half to three years and if the attachment figure is broken, during the critical two year period the child will suffer irreversible long term consequences of this loss of the care giver as well as failure to develop an attachment. For Daniel this means that if his bond with the Benjamin’s is disrupted, he will almost fail to thrive in his new environment as he had already formed his attachment with the family. In relation to the phone call made by Emma, I would like to explore further and find out whether Emma has any knowledge on parenting and what she thinks a family entails, I would like to know what Emma knows about Daniels disability and needs. I would investigate on what she knows about Cytomegalovirus and if it results that she is unaware, I would help her expand her learning – build and share library resources, encourage her to be involved with parents groups to access support and community resources and if she wishes, I would look at finding her additional support such as an advocate. An advocate will help to increase resilience and self-efficacy. In addition to this, I would investigate on why she has come to the decision of wanting him back. I would be interested in knowing whether there is any communication between Emma and Daniels father, including people in Emma’s life. I would find out whether they are aware of Daniel and that, he is of the Asian race and I would explore on whether the people in Emma’s life would be able to appreciate Daniels uniqueness, and discretely examine on whether they are aware of his learning disability. I will also be interested in Emma’s living condition, environment, financial situation and lifestyle up to date, if these are not up to standard, attempt to help her have a secure base. Turney et al., (2007), states that an assessment needs careful consideration of the inter-relationship concerning the good and the bad influences in a child’s life i.e. the risk factors that are possible to impact on the child’s health and growth as well as the protective factors. Both Macdonald and Williamson (2002) and Preston-Shoot (2003), suggest that the Assessment Framework for Children in Need and their families demands that each child needs are assessed as well as the aptitude of the parents and the impac t of family and environmental influences on each child’s growth and on the parents capacity to meet the child’s needs. Bell et al., (2007) and Mitchell and Sloper, (2008) advises that assessments of disabled children may involve tailoring of the recording templates to reveal their individual strength, capability and needs and to capture their involvement to the assessment process through their preferred method of communication, this implies that a person is an expert in their own experience. Holland (2010) and Thomas and Holland (2010) put forward that the knowledge of child development is important for good assessment outcomes. Selwyn et al, (2006) and Ward et al., (2010) identified problems while carrying out an assessment on attachment, they claimed that clingy behaviour was misinterpreted as evidence of strong attachment moreover some assessments were based on observation of a few circumstances to be consistent. Jones (2009) and Reder et al., (2003) state that assessment of parents includes capacity to meet the child’s needs and the importance of understanding the basic requirements of par enting and taking into consideration the parent’s ability to change. Moreover Farmer et al., (2008) and Harwin et al., (2003), recommend that psychological assessments are valuable when assessing parenting capacity. It was also their suggestion that one way of testing parental capacity to change parenting behaviour and to give them managed opportunities to change. This is achieved by giving the parents clear objectives of what needs to change and informing them on how this will be assessed, monitored and the time scale required completing the task. Forrester and Harwin, (2008) and Harwin (2009), also propose that motivational interviewing techniques are useful in addressing readiness to change in situations of alcohol or drug misuse. This shifts the decision to change to Emma allowing her to discover her own strength and hidden motivation. According to Farmer et al., (2008) and Harwin and Forrester (2002) the role of fathers and men in the household needs to be examined and Social Workers need to ensure that information about fathers is available whenever possible, as fathers may exert a considerable influence even when they are to living with the child. In addition to this, Social Workers need to take account of the impact of factors related to family functioning and family history. Assessing family functioning provides a basis for a strength-based approach that’s accepts that all adults and children possess the power that can be comprehensive to improve the quality of their lives. Mental Capacity Act S. 1(3) states that, an adult does not lack capacity to make any specific decision unless all practicable steps have been taken to aid him or her to make the decision. Laird, (2010) advises that a vulnerable adult may require advocacy support or communication communicated in other form to be able to participate in decision-making. This relates to the GSCC Code 3.1 â€Å"promoting the independence of service-users and assisting them to understand and exercise their rights. Therefore, Assessment of parental capacity depends on communication. Improving the assessment requires different approach when collecting information; these approaches may include observation, assessing changes in parenting practises, use of validated tools and consideration of previous reports regarding the child and family. Assessment involves gathering of all sort of documented information and records from a range of sources this include medical history, social and developmental history. Consent is sort and confidentiality adhered too. To conduct my assessment successfully, as well as working with Daniel, Emma Watson and the Benjamin family I will be looking at liaising with a multi-disciplinary team, which would involve Social Services, general Doctor and the one who is trained in cytomegalovirus, Occupational therapist, Speech therapist and a mental health worker. These people will assist me to add data to my assessment and contribute to making informed decisions about Daniels future needs. In summary, I would give Emma a chance to prove that she can be a good parent. I will offer her support, information and guidance to what needs to take place, and set targets. I believe that she might not realise the impact of uprooting her son until she is made fully aware of Daniel’s disability needs. In my assessment, I have to prioritise Daniel’s best interest and now, it appears this lies with the Benjamin family who give the impression that they are a dedicated family. Prior to this, Daniel has thrived in t heir care. References 1. Brammer, A., (2010) Social Work Law, 3rd Ed, Harlow: Pearson Education. 2. Bell, M., Shaw. I., Sinclair. I., Sloper. P., and Rafferty, J., (2007) An Evaluation of the Practice, Process and Consequences of the ICS in Councils with Social Services Responsibilities. Report to Department for Education and Skills Welsh Assembly Government. 3. Coulshed, V & Orme, J., (2006) – Social Work Practice, 4th edition, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan 4. Department for Health (2005) The Mental Capacity Act. London HMSO 5. Farmer, E., Sturgess, W. and O’Neill, T., (2008) The reunification of Looked After Children With Their Parents: Patterns interventions and outcomes. Report to the Department for Children, Schools and Policy Studies, University of Bristol 6. Fahlberg, V., (1988) Fitting the pieces together. London: British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering. 7. Forrester, D. and Harwin, J., (2008) Parental substance misuse and child welfare: outcomes for children two years after refe rral. British Journal of Social Work, 38: 1518-1535 8. General Social Care Council (2002) Code of practice for social care workers and code of practice for employers. London: General Social Care Council 9. Harwin, J., Owen, M., Locke, R. and Forrester, D., (2003) Making Care Orders Work: A Study of Care Plans and their implementation. London: The Stationery Office. 10. Holland, S., (2010) Child and Family Assessment in Social Work Practice, 2nd Ed. London: Sage Publications. 11. http://www.legislation.gov.uk (assessed on 17.04.2012) 12. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cytomegalovirus (assessed on 02.05.2012) 13. http://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html (assessed on 17.04.2012) 14. Jones, DPH., (2009) Assessment of parenting. In Jan Horwath (ed.), The Child’s World: The comprehensive guide to assessing children in need. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2nd Edition. 15. Llaird, S.D., (2010) Practical Social Work Law: Analysing Court Cases and Inquiries, Harlow: Pearson Education 16. Macdonald, G. and Williamson, E., (2002) Against the Odds: An Evaluation of Child and Family Support Services. London: National Children’s Bureau/ Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 17. Mitchell, W and Sloper, P., (2008) The Integrated Children’s System and disabled children. Child and Family Social Worker, 13 (3): 274-285 18. Preston- Shoot, M. (2003) A matter of re cords? Practice, 15(3): 31-50 19. Reder, P., Duncan, S. and Lucey, C., (2003) Studies in the Assessment of Parenting. London: Routledge. 20. Selwyn. J., Quinton, D., Sturgess, W and Baxter, C., (2006) Costs and Outcomes of Non- infant Adoptions. London: BAAF.

Transitive Twist on Agree

Transitive Twist on Agree Transitive Twist on â€Å"Agree† Transitive Twist on â€Å"Agree† By Maeve Maddox A DWT reader wonders about the following uses of the verb agree in a British publication: In a November white paper laying out its vision for independence, Scotland said it would expect to agree a mechanism with London, whereby it would gradually refinance its share of the UKs debt as gilts matured. Under the proposed legislation, the US would place even tougher international restrictions on Iranian oil exports if it fails to agree a final nuclear deal over the next six months. Says the reader, In both, agree is used without a preposition following it. To my Canadian ears, this sounds odd. Is this a chiefly British use or did I simply miss that grammar class? When must one use a preposition with agree and when is it best avoided? Until this reader pointed it out, I’d never noticed this usage. A cursory web search leads me to believe that it is an aberration of British English and may be creeping into American usage by way of journalists who cover European news for the international market. I found this naked agree in respected British publications: Blackberry and Foxconn agree a five-year deal BBC News Business Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger could agree a new three-year contract as early as this week as Stan Kroenke jets in to London The Independent Belfast pub bosses quit over a failure to agree lease Belfast Telegraph I found the usage on a British banking site: Agreeing a formal overdraft is fee free and keeping within your limit is a cost-effective way to manage your account. Agree your overdraft limit in advance. It occurs in a headline about U.S. affairs at an international news site: Democrat and Republican negotiators agree a new spending bill to put before Congress Euronews And it occurs at Forbes.com in a headline over an article written by a European correspondent: Time For ECB To Agree A New Plan For  Cyprus It has even found its way into the OED in a quotation from 2007: This does not stop retrials being ordered where the jury has failed to agree a verdict. C. Elliott F. Quinn Eng. Legal Syst. (ed. 8) iv. xxiv. 549. I find this usage not only odd, but extremely disagreeable. For me, agree is an intransitive verb. It does not take an object. A jury agrees on a verdict. Friends agree with each other. Countries agree to a plan. So far, the transitive usage that has countries â€Å"agree plans† and bank customers â€Å"agree overdraft limits† is distinctly British usage. May it remain so. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†English Grammar 101: Verb MoodDrama vs. Melodrama

Useful Japanese Adjectives

Useful Japanese Adjectives Here is the list of useful Japanese adjectives and their pronunciations. bigookiiÃ¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€ž smallchiisaiÃ¥ ° Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€ž longnagaié• ·Ã£ â€ž shortmijikaiçŸ ­Ã£ â€ž thick, fatfutoiÃ¥ ¤ ªÃ£ â€ž slender (person)yasetaや㠁›ã Å¸ thinusuièâ€"„㠁„ widehiroiÃ¥ ºÆ'㠁„ narrowsemaiç‹ ­Ã£ â€ž heavyomoié‡ Ã£ â€ž lightkaruiè » ½Ã£ â€ž hightakaié «ËœÃ£ â€ž lowhikuiä ½Å½Ã£ â€ž fasthayai速㠁„ slow, lateosoié â€¦Ã£ â€ž many, muchooiÃ¥ ¤Å¡Ã£ â€ž few, littlesukunaiÃ¥ °â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž hardkatai㠁‹ã Å¸Ã£ â€ž softyawarakaiã‚„ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€ž deepfukaiæ · ±Ã£ â€ž shallowasaiæ µâ€¦Ã£ â€ž beautifulutsukushiiç ¾Å½Ã£ â€"㠁„ uglyminikuié†Å"㠁„ prettykireina㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁 ª cutekawaii㠁‹ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€ž cleanseiketsunaæ ¸â€¦Ã¦ ½â€Ã£  ª dirtykitanaiæ ±Å¡Ã£ â€ž fasthayai速㠁„ slowosoié â€¦Ã£ â€ž strongtsuyoiÃ¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€ž weakyowaiÃ¥ ¼ ±Ã£ â€ž calmshizukanaé â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ª brightakarui明る㠁„ darkkuraiæšâ€"㠁„ newatarashiiæâ€" °Ã£ â€"㠁„ oldfuruiÃ¥  ¤Ã£ â€ž youngwakaiè‹ ¥Ã£ â€ž hotatsui暑㠁„ coldsamuiÃ¥ ¯â€™Ã£ â€ž far, distanttooié   Ã£ â€ž nearchikaiè ¿â€˜Ã£ â€ž

Academic Strategic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Academic Strategic Paper - Essay Example I also take practical concepts of theory learnt in class seriously so that I am able to demonstrate central issues and their real life application. This is a significant aspect of my academic goal that would help me during transition into the real world outside the theoretical framework of class presentations. Besides, I believe in exercising high level of communication skills as a core aspect of expressing ideas such that I may be able to reconcile the scores in the paper with what I am able to say in front of the people. It is important to note that achievement of the highlighted academic goals is very dependent on contribution of various stakeholders. I must enlist the support of various individuals in my daily academic life to ensure that my dreams are achieved. The key players in this regard would include; school administration, teaching staff and parents. It is indisputable that school administration is responsible for providing a conducive learning environment. This includes drafting and implementing rules and regulations that help learners manage intra-personal and interpersonal interaction with other members of school community. Besides, provision of necessary learning resources is the work of school administration hence its critical stake in the learning system. In that respect, I seek to adhere to school rules and regulations so that I may have the peace and strength to learn uninterrupted. My focus on better grades will highly be boosted by good conduct in the light of laid down school rul es and general ethical standards that include academic honesty. The teaching staff is a key stakeholder that would help me through daily interaction in class to achieve my set goals. They offer tuition, tests and advice on how to tackle questions, master concepts and set goals. In that regard, I would make efforts to ensure I am in good terms with the teaching staff and engage in consistent enquiry on various topics I fail to understand. Such continuous

Factors Affecting Trade of Sugar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Factors Affecting Trade of Sugar - Assignment Example 70% of this production is for domestic consumption while 30% is traded in the world. Since only a small portion of the production is being traded freely, it is subjected to government policies and production so that any change affects the trading practices of the commodity. These are trade barriers such as quota and bilateral agreements that limits trading opportunities of least developed countries. As 120 countries partake of sugar allocations imposed by importing countries, it is important to understand if trade barriers create equal opportunity. Sugar producers believe that by removing these restrictions and opening of markets, supply is ensured, rational pricing will be maintained, and smaller countries can have an equal share of sugar quota ( GATRL, 2009). The top sugar producing countries in the world are Australia, Brazil, China, Columbia, European Union, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and United States. World production as of 2010/2012 estimates is 168,647 metric tons raw value. BraziL has the biggest share of production followed by India and next by China. The rest is accounted for by Asian production (SUCDEN). With a global population of 7 billion, sugar consumption is estimated at 171.4 million tons and a per capita consumption of 21.kg. Per capita sugar consumption is highest in Brazil, Australia, and Cuba. ... 1, and has not changed ever since (Sugarcane.org) Tariff quotas and bilateral agreements limit the free trade of small producing country with the US while farmers support policy is addressed to maintain the domestic farmers. Quota system controls the volume of sugar imports by limiting amount of sugar that enters US on a zero rate tariff rate. The amount set for import must meet the US World Trade organization requirement which is 1,117,195 tons of raw sugar and 22,000 tons of refined sugar. Any over quota export under the system is not advisable since US imposes a higher tariff rate. (Edwards, Chris, 2009). Bilateral arrangement disenfranchises smaller producing countries as they are out on agreements. For instance, the North American Free Trade Agreement with Mexico gives it a distinct advantage over other countries since US provided them with tariff free and attractive provisions including a guaranteed quota that increases yearly.(Office of The United States Trade Representative, n.d.) For fair treatment, the recent talks of world organizations such as the Uruguay rounds, AEFA, and APEC are all aimed toward trade liberalization. (Economic & Research Services, USDA, 1997) Simulations and five scenarios have been expounded to know effects. The Uruguay Rounds will expand global trade and social welfare of countries and regions, except China. AEFA trade liberalization would increase social welfare of ASEAN in limited way. All APEC members tend to gain in the liberalization since high import protection is eliminated. (See FAO Explanation (Annex 1) Koo, Woo ‘s scenario of trade liberalization of both US and EU, and retaining of sugar subsidies will allow most sugar producing countries to survive. However, if only the U.S. eliminates the program, Koo said all U.S. sugar